Academic Freedom Under Pressure?: A Comparative Perspective

Introduction: The Multiple Expressions of Academic Freedom.- Part I:Academic Freedom in Europe.- Science and the European Dimension of Freedom of the Arts and Science.- Freedom of Research and Academic Teaching in the European Union.- Freedom of Scientific Research in the European Research Area: Weaknesses and Strengths.- Academic Freedom and Cross-Border Cooperation: Conceptual Reflections and a Contextual Analysis in Relation to the South Tyrol Alpine Borderland.- Part II: New Challenge.- The State of Academic Freedom in Hungary - The Saga of the Central European University and the Research Network of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Light of National and European Guarantees of Academic Freedom. The Covid-19 Pandemic as a Challenge for Academia and Academic Freedom - An Italian Perspective.- Academic Freedom and the Use of Native Languages.- Part III: Threats to Freedom of Teaching and Research in the Light of a "Governance by Numbers".- Academic Freedom, University Autonomy (Work in Progress) and the Striving towards Accountability - An Italian Perspective.- Evaluation, Projectification, Governance by Numbers and their Impact on Academic Research - The German Perspective.- University Autonomy: Just One Step on a Long Road Ahead.- Automated Decisions, Research Quality Assessment and Step-Based Salary System: Potential Dangers for Academic Freedom in Italy.- Part IV: The New Role of Universities and the Freedom of Science and Teaching.- Private Higher Education and Academic Freedom.- Open Access Publication and Academic Freedom in the Field of the Social Sciences and Humanities from a Constitutional Law Perspective in Italy.- The Third Mission of Universities: Technology Transfer and its Impact on Academic Freedom.- Do Ethics Commissions Promote or Endanger Academic Freedom?.- Ethical Codes and Speech Restrictions: New Scenarios and Constitutional Challenges to Freedom of Teaching at University - The Italian Perspective.- Trigger Warnings and Academic Freedom: a Pedagogic Perspective.- Autonomy and Interdependence: the Relationship of Experts and Laypeople in Science from a Sociological Perspective.